English common name, Botanical Name, Suggested Biblical (B) /, Talmudic (T) identification
1. Abraham's bush, Vitex agnus-castus L., siakh avraham ,
2. acacia, Negev, Acacia gerrardii Benthamsubsp., negevensis, shitah, B,
3. acacia, spiraled, Acacia raddiana Savi, shitah, B,
4. almond, Amygdalus communis L., shaked, luz, B,
5. apple, Pyrus malus L., tapuakh, B,
6. apple, Sodom, Calotropis procera Aiton fil., a'ra'r, B,
7. asphodel, Asphodelus ramosus Miller, yavlit, T,
8. balm of Gilead (possible), Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile, tzori (?), B(?),
9. barley, Hordeum sp., seora, B,
10. boxthorn, Lycium europaeum L, yikshat,
11. broom, spiny, Calycotome villosa (Poiret) Link, ezrakh, B,
12. broom, white, Retama raetam (Forssk.) Webb, rotem, B,
13. broom, yellow, Spartium junceum L., akhirotem,
14. buckthorn, Rhamnus lycioides L. subsp., graeca Tutin, etzbonit, T,
15. burnet, thorny, poterium, Sarcopoterium spinosum (L.), Spach, seerim / seera, B, T,
16. caper, Capparis spinosa L., tzalaf , T,
17. carob, also St. John's, bread, Ceratonia siliqua L., kharuv, B(?), T,
18. castor oil tree, Jonah's gourd, Ricinus communis L., kikayon, B,
19. cattail, Typha domingensis (Pers.), Steudel, soof, B,
20. cedar, Cedrus libani Loud., erez, B,
21. citron, also etrog, Citrus medica L., etrog, T,
22. cypress, Cupressus sempervirens L., te'ashur, B,
23. date palm, Phoenix dactylifera L., tamar, B,
24. fig, Ficus carica L., te'ena, B,
25. grapevine, Vitis vinifera L., gefen, B,
26. hawthorn, Crataegus aronia (L.) D.C, tapuakh / uzrad, B, T,
27. henna, Lawsonia inermis L. (eshkol, ha-), koffer, B,
28. hyssop, Majorana syriaca (L.) Rafin, (Origanum Maru L.), ezov, B,
29. hyssop, tea, Micromeria fruticosa (L.), Druce, ezov beit diklai, T,
30. inula, Inula viscosa (L.) Ait, sirpad, B,
31. Judas tree, Mediterranean redbud, Cercis siliquastrum L, klil hakhoresh ,
32. jujube, Ziziphus spina-christi (L.), Desf, atad, B ,
33. laurel, also sweet bay, (possible oil tree), Laurus nobilis L, etz-shemen /, dafna, B, T ,
34. lavender, Spanish, Lavandula stoechas L, ezov kokhli, T ,
35. lily, Madonna, Lilium candidum L, shoshan, B ,
36. lily, sand, Pancratium maritimum L, khavatzelet hakhof ,
37. loosestrife, Lythrum salicaria L, shanit ,
38. madder, Rubia tenuifolia Dum.-Urville, puah shel tzlaot, T,
39. madder, dyer's, Rubia tinctorum L, puah shel idit, T ,
40. mandrake, Mandragora autumnalis Bertol, dudaim, B,
41. myrrh (possible ), Commiphora abyssinica Engl, mor (?), B?,
42. myrtle, Myrtus communis L, hadass, B,
43. narcissus (possible lily of the, valley), Narcissus tazetta L, shoshanat ha'amkim, B ,
44. oak, Kermes, Quercus calliprinos Webb, alon, na'atzutz, B,
45. oak, Tabor, Quercus ithaburensis, Decaisne, alon, nahalol, B,
46. oleander, Nerium oleander L, harduf, T,
47. olive, Olea Europe L, zayit, B,
48. papyrus, Cyperus papyrus L, gomeh, B,
49. pear, wild, Pyrus syriaca Boiss, agass bar ,
50. pine, Jerusalem (possible oil,
51. tree), Pinus halepensis Miller, oren, B,
52. pistachio, Pistacia vera L, botnim / botna, B, T,
53. plane tree, Platanus orientalis L, armon / dolev, B, T ,
54. poley, Teucrium polium L, ezovion, T,
55. pomegranate, Punica granatum L, rimon, B,
56. poplar, Populus nigra L, tzaftzafa, B,
57. poplar, white, Populus alba L, tzaftzafa, B,
58. prosopis, prickly, Prosopis farcta Macbride, kharul / hizma (pl, hizmi), B, T,
59. raspberry, Rubus sanguineus Friv, sneh, T,
60. reed, Phragmites australis (Cav.), Steudel, kaneh, B,
61. rockrose, fragrant (possible, source of ladanum), Cistus sp, lot (?), B?,
62. rockrose, pink (possible, source of ladanum), Cistus creticus L, lot (?), B? ,
63. rockrose, white (possible, source of ladanum), Cistus salviifolius L, lot (?), B?,
64. rose of Jericho, Anastatica hierochuntica L, shoshanat yerhikho,
65. rose, wild, also dog rose, Rosa canina L, shoshana, vered, T ,
66. sage, Jerusalem, Salvia hierosolymitana Boiss, moriah, B,
67. sage, Judean, Salvia judaica Boiss, moriah, B ,
68. sage, land of Israel, Salvia palaestina Bentham, moriah, B,
69. sage, pungent, Salvia dominica L, moriah, B ,
70. sage, three-leafed, Salvia fruticosa Miller, moriah, B,
71. saltplant, Atriplex halimus L, maluakh, B ,
72. savory, whorled, Satureja thymbra L, ezov romi, T,
73. squill, white, Urginea maritima (L.) Baker, khatzav, T,
74. storax, Styrax officinalis L, livneh, B,
75. strawberry tree, Arbutus andrachne L, k'talav,
76. sumac, Rhus coriaria L, og, T,
77. sycomore, also Egyptian fig, Ficus sycomorus L, shikma, B,
78. tamarisk, Tamarix sp, eshel, B,
79. terebinth, Pistacia palaestina Boiss, elah, B,
80. terebinth, gum (possible balm, of Gilead), Pistacia lentiscus L, tzori / mastikin, B, T,
81. thistle, golden, Scolymus maculatus L, khoakh, B,
82. thymbra, spiked, Thymbra spicata L, ezov midbari, T ,
83. thyme, Coridothymus capitatus (L.), Reichenb, siyya , T,
84. tulip, Sharon (possible rose, of Sharon), Tulipa sharonensis Dinsm, khavatzelet, hasharon, B,
85. varthemia, Chiliadenus iphionoides (Boiss, et Blanche) Brullo, bar sela,
86. walnut, Juglans egia L, egoz, B,
87. wheat, Triticum sp, khitta, B,
88. willow, Salix acmophylla Boiss, arava, B,
89. willow-poplar, Euphrates poplar, Populus euphratica Oliver, arava / khilfa-gila, B, T,
90.